What is Sciatica?

Sciatica or sciatic pain and symptoms typically result from a pinched or compressed spinal nerve root (exiting nerve). Your spinal cord stems from the base of your skull traveling through the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions of your back. Between each vertebrae, at each level, a pair of spinal nerves exit through holes in the bone of the spine called the foramen on both sides of the spinal column. These nerves are called nerve roots or radicular nerves.

What Causes Sciatic Pain?

The sciatic nerve, an extension of the exiting nerve, anatomically runs down both legs connecting to muscle and tendons in your hip, buttock, thigh, knee, calf and foot. The main cause of sciatica is a herniated disc compressing or pinching a nerve root. Sciatica can be present in one or both legs. Another common term used to describe this pain is radicular pain or radiculitis (nerve root inflammation). Radicular pain is usually secondary to inflammation or compression of a spinal nerve. This pain is often steady and deep and usually reproduced with certain positions and activities such as sitting or walking. Once a surgeon documents a nerve dysfunction, the condition is called radiculopathy.

What are the Symptoms of Sciatica?

The symptoms generally associated with sciatica occur on one side of your body affecting a leg. However, in severe cases of spinal stenosis, exiting nerves on each side of the spinal cord can be compressed and produce sciatic symptoms in both the arms legs, leaving patients in chronic debilitating pain. This sciatic nerve pain can manifest itself with some or all of the following symptoms:

  • Burning
  • Cramping
  • Numbness 
  • Tightness
  • Tingling
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Sharp needle like pain

What are the Diagnostic & Treatment Options for Sciatica?

Non-Operative Treatment

Most cases of herniated disc do not require surgery. Clinical research suggests that the pain associated with a herniated disc often subsides without surgical intervention within 4-6 months. If any or all of these symptoms are present you should seek a professional medical opinion quickly.

  • Pain Medications muscle relaxers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and on rare occasions with extreme pain, narcotic pain killers
  • Alternating Heat/cold Therapy during the first 24-48 hours
  • Physical Therapy exercises to include exercise, stretching, massage and strengthening
  • Epidural Steroid Injections are used two-fold, first to relieve inflammation of the affected exiting spinal nerve and secondly, used as a diagnostic tool to confirm the affected level at which the pain originates from.

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